Kinetic-energy reservoir.



H. E. GOLDBERG.

KINETIG ENERGY RESERVUIR.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 1o, 1912.

Patented Feb. 2, 1915.

unmmnun- THE NORRIS PETERS COA. PHDTD-LITHQ. WASHINGTDN. D. C,

HYMAN ELI GOLDBERG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

KINETIC-ENERGY RESERVOIR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb.`2, 1915.

Application filed August 10, 1912. Serial No. 714,483.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, I-IYMAN ELI GOLD- nniic, of Chicago, county of Gook, and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Iineticdilnergy Reservoir, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is a kinetic energy reservoir. It is used for absorbing kinetic energy at proper times to afterward give the saine energy out at other times.

rIhe invention has particular reference to machines like printing presses provided with reciprocatable beds, and'to other similar machines, for instance, planers.

Confining myself in this description to a printing press with a reciprocatable bed, attention is called to the fact that in such printing presses now on the market, the bed has a uniform movement during its stroke and when it reaches the end of its stroke reversing mechanism with which the machine is provided becomes operative upon said bed. T his reversing mechanism exercises a force in a direction opposed to the movement of said bed, and therefore lirst retards, then stops, and finally accelerates the bed in its movement in the opposite direction. The bed at the end of its stroke is possessed of y. v; l moz kinetic energy, equa to 2 ,where m is the mass and 'o the velocity, of the bed. As the bed is retarded the velocity diminishes. rllhe kinetic energy therefore diminishes. But it is well known in mechanics that, leaving friction out of consideration, no energy can be lost. But it is lost by the bed and therefore must be gained by something else. `What it is gained by depends upon circumstances. In printing presses of the type mentioned the energy lost by the bed may be gained by the portion of the machine supplying the power. rIhis power supplying body will therefore have a back pressure eX- ercised thereon which will tend to disturb its movement. rIhis actually occurs to a large extent. In fact the disturbance is so great that attempts have been made to minimize it by providing the printing press with means for storing up the energy given out by the retardation of the bed, and to afterward use this energy in accelerating the bed.

Among the energy storing mechanisms that compressed during the retarding of the bed,l

and whose expansion assists in the acceleration of the bed in the opposite direction. iinergy reservoirs composed of springs,

'whether of solid material or gaseous, are potential-energy reservoirs and have been found unsatisfactory. It is well known that solid material springs operate according to ookes law which is that the force is directly proportional to the distortion.7 Springs of gaseous material operate according to Boyles law, namely Lthe pressure times the volume equals constant. Attention is called to the fact that neither Hookes law nor Boyles law brings in the velocity in any manner. They are completely independent of velocity. It is however well known that in a machine the energies generated are proportional to the square of the velocity. The force acting to retard the body ought therefore to increase as the square of the velocity. This cannot happen with potential-energy reservoirs like solid springs working according` to Hookes law, or with gaseous springs working according to Boyles law. If the springs be perfectly adjusted for one velocity they are wrong for all other velocities. This fault has been known for a long time. To offset this lack of correspondence between the potentialenergy spring law and the kinetic-energy retardation law, auxiliary mechanism has been introduced. F or instance, centrifugal `governors depending upon the velocity of the machine have been used to vary the amount of air trapped in the chamber. But they have not proven very effective.

Having thus pointed out the disadvantages possessed by a machine with no energy reservoir, or by a machine with a potential energy reservoir composed of solid springs, or by a machine possessed of a potential energy reservoir composed of gaseous cushions, I will now describe my own kinetic energy reservoir, which I believe does not possess any of the above described faults.

I provide the machine with a reservoir mass M. lts kinetic energy will therefore MV2 always be where V 1s its own velocity.

2 I assume that the only masses in the machine that are heavy enough to exercise any influence upon said machine are the bed of the press, which has the kinetic energy @22,

and its reservoir mass which has the kinetic I; In order tht the load be the same on the motor during the reversing of the bed it is necessary and sufficient that the total kinetic energy be constant. That is,

'mv2 MV2 The above equation l, is the only condition that need be met for uniform load upon the motor. It is not however sufficient for the determination of the movement of the reservoir. A second condition however occurs energy const ant.

and it is, that in the printing presses now on the market, the bed during its reversing moves harmonically. These two conditions together are sufficient to render the problem completely definite. I have found that a general solution of this problem, for these two conditions, requireselliptic integrals. I v

am not aware of Aany mechanism composed Aof positive elements which works according to the law of elliptic integrals. Not being able to obtain a general solution of the problem I had Vto be content with a particular solution. How this particular solution was obtained will not be described. It will simply be stated. It is: The reservoir M will satisfy the conditions required as above stated if, l. it moves harmonically; 2. in a period equal to the period of the harmonic movement of the bed; 3. the harmonic movement of the reservoir and of the bed be inY quadrature, that is one moves fastest when the other moves slowest, and vice versa; and 4f. if the masses M and m are inversely propoi-tional to the square of the amplitudes of 'their harmonic movements. Thelatter or fourth condition stated in other words means, that the larger mass need have the smaller movement and that if the amplitude of its movement be one-half as great, then period with the harmonic movement of the bed and the two harmonic movements must be in quadrature. This still leaves unsettled Y for the reservoir bothits amplitude and its mass. For simplicitys sake only, the amplitude of the Yreservoir has been assumed to be equal to the amplitude of the bed'. The mass y mechanism looking upwardly fromv plane l-l of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a vertical crosssection of the appliance adjacent to the kinetic energy reservoir M.

The mass of the bed --itself is represented by m. It is supported on the framing f, of the printing press, whereon it reciprocates as above described. rThe actual mechanism by means of which this reciprocation is produced does not form a portion of the invention and is, therefore, not described in detail. Such mechanism is nevertheless indicated in the drawings. `posed of two racks R1 and R2, both of lwhich are rigid with the bed and-the driving wheel Wl coperating with them. It will be noticed that the two racks are'offset so that the wheel engages only one of them at a time. The wheel W is rigidY with a shaft 79 to which power is'given during the driving of the wheel. The power shaft p is capable of being lifted up and down in its bearings to thus cause the wheel W to engage one rack during the stroke of the bed and the other rack during the return or restroke-of the bed; The power shaft is supposed to be uniformly rotated and theA bed while in engagement with the wheel W therefore moves uniformly. This continues during a complete rotation of the power shaft. After one rotation has been completed and the rack in engagement is passing out of engagement other mechanism to reverse the bed is brought into operation. This ope'ation'is ordinarily accomplished It might be comharmonically. Various mechanisms for thisY purpose are known', of vwhich one is indicated here. It is composed of a gear wheel w in sive equal to one-half of thegear IV and rigidly connected thereto. w at the proper time engages the internally geared semi circle C formed rigid with the bed. The power shaft P is also provided with a collar whereby by the proper mechanism it may be reciprocated in its bearings. All the above mechanism is old and as it forms no part of the in"ention the above description is deemed sufficient.

In printing presses of the above type now on the market the cycle of the printing press is divided up as follows: The bed of the press moves through a line equal to a circumference for the stroke; through a line equal to a radius for the stopping; through another line equal to a radius for the starting; through a circun ference length for the restroke; through a radius length for the stopping; and through another radius length for the starting at the other end. rlhis is represented in the drawings by the track l, which in length is qual to a circumference, the quarter circle 2 whose length measured along the direction of movement of the press is equal to a radius, the quarter circle 8, the track Ll, the quarter circle 5, andthe quarter circle 6. These six parts form one continuous circuit as a groove in the bed m. Embraced in said groove is a stud 7 fastened to the kinetic energy reservoir M reciprocatably mounted inthe framing. lt is evident that during the stroke and the restroke movement of the bed, that is as long as stud 7 is in parts l or l, the bed is free to move without any accompanying movement of the reservoir, while the latter is locked and cannot be. accidentally displaced. As the bed approaches the end of its stroke then the corresponding quarter circle approaches the stud 7 and striking it tangentially gives to the reservoir M a movement which at first is slow, but which becomes faster and faster. When the bed is at the end of its movement,

'that is at the time of its reversal, the reservoir is moving the fastest. lt is evident that the inertia of the reservoir now becomes operative to accelerate the bed in a direction opposite to the one which it just had. The statement is here made that the movement given by the bed to the reservoir during the retarding of the former and the accelerating of the latter, and the movement given bv the reservoir to the bed during the retarding of the former and the accelerating of the latter, fulfil the required conditions, namely said movements are harmonic, of equal period, and in quadrature. .I-ls their amplitudes are equal and as by hypothesis their masses are equal, the total kinetic energy remains constant. The above is therefore a complete mechanical solution of the problem.

While theoretically complete there is nevertheless in this mechanism one fault to which attention will now be caller. Suppose the operator stop the printingl press and it happens that the point of stopping is near the end of its movement. The stud 7 will therefore be near the junction point of the two adjacent quarter circles 2 and 3, or 5 and 6. lf power be applied only to the bed and not to the reservoir, it is evident that the latter in this position will operate to practically prevent the movement of the former. The machine will therefore not be able to start. To prevent any such contingency the following mechanism has been added.l lts purpose is to supply power to the reservoir to move it off the above described dead point. The shaft j) is supposed to be power driven and, like the main shaft in presses of the type described, is supposed to turn three complete revolutions for each cycle of the press. The shaft is provided with an arm 8 which bears a pin 9. Rigidly fastened to the reservoir and forming part thereof is a portion shaped into a slot l0 to coperate with the pin 9. It is evident that if the pin 9 and slot l0 are in engagement with each other the reservoir will be given an harmonic movement. rlfhe parts are so dimensioned that the harmonic movement given to the reservoir by the pin 9, is equal to the harmonic movement given to the reservoir by the stud 7. But an interference exists; for the pin 9 would give the reservoir consecutive harmonic oscillations while the stud 7 gives it an harmonic oscillation with a rest period equal to two oscillations between oscillations. This interference must therefore be removed in order that the mechanism shall be operative, and it has been removed by the cutting away of a part of the slot l0.

It is evident that a mere cutting away of a part of the slot lO cannot produce any new movement. lt can at the most remove interference. The pin 9 now swings freely and does not engage the slot l() when the latter is in its either end position. rThis occurs when the bed of the press is on its stroke or upon its restroke. But should the press have reached the end of its stroke or the ends of its restroke then the stud will have been acted on by the cooperating quarter circle 2, 8, or 5, t5, and therefore be displaced.. The slot will also be displaced. It will therefore meet the pin 9 and soon thereafter said pin will engage the slot. The reservoir during its oscillation will therefore be driven not only by it: .stud 7 but also by its slot 10.

Attention is called to the fact that the stud 7 is most efficient in moving the reservoir at the extremes of oscillation while the slot l0 is most eilicient in moving the reservoir during the central portion of oscillation.

The operation of the mechanism is therefore as follows: Normally the bed of the press communicates its kinetic energy to the reservoir. The bed is thus retarded; the reservoir is accelerated. The bed is thus stopped; the reservoir moves fastest. Then the bed is accelerated in the opposite direction and the reservoir is slowed down to rest. For the above operation the power furnished by the shaft P through the intermediation of the pin 9 and the slot 10 is superfluous. Should it happen however, that the machine be shut down and power cut olf during the middleof a reversal then this power becomes effective in moving the reservoir and thus also the bed, to start the machine without any interference.

In the above for simplicitys sake the reservoir has been described as moving in a straight line. It is true that it need not move in a straight line. It might rotate about an axis. The reservoir has been described as being of one mass. This is not necessary. It may be composed of a number of masses. rIhese masses may move either in the same direction or some in one direction and some in another. The latter might be convenient in order to produce a perfectly balanced system. Again while in order to produce a perfect solution the movements must be perfectly harmonic, yet it is quite possible to produce results approximately perfect by movements which are approximately harmonic. This can be done by rotating bodies through angles instead of displacing` bodies `along straight lines. vF or certain purposes the former is more convenient than the latter.V Various other changes can be introduced in the mechanism accomplishing the same result, above described, without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having thus described my invention I claim:

l. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a body adapted to move at variable speeds, a movable kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir to transmit the interchange of energy between them, the movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being'such as to keep the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described. l

2. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a body, means to drive said body at a variable speed, a movable kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir to transmit the interchange of energy between them, the movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being such as to maintain the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantiallyl as described. l l

3., In a machine of the type described, the combination of a variably moving body, a movable kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir adapted to transmit the interchange of energy between them and causing the reservoir to move fastest when the body moves slowest and vice versa, the movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being such as to keep the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described.

4. In a machine of the type descriloed,tlie

combination of a body adapted to move circular groove and the other a pin extend-V ing into the groove, whereby to give to the reservoir an harmonic movement in quadrature with that of the body, substantially Vas described. Y

6. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a body, means t'o move said body harmonically, and a kinetic energy Areservoir, one of said elements having a semi-circular groove andthe other a pin extending into said groove, whereby to give to said reservoir an harmonic movement in quadrature with that of the body, the movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being such as to keep the total kinetic energy ofthe body and reservoir substantially constant, substantiallyk as described. f

`7. In a machine of the type described, the

combination of a body having a uniform movement period and a variable movement period, a kinetic energy reservoir, and` means connecting said body and reservoir, whereby the latter moves only during the variable movement of said body, substantially as described. Y

8. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a body,'means to give'said body a. uniform movement period and a vaiiabie movement period, a kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir to transmit the interchange of energy between them, the reservoir moving only during the variable movement of said body, the movements of said body and reservoir and their masses being such as yto lkeep the total kinetic energy of thebody andV reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described.

9. In a machine of the type desbribed, the combination of a kinetic energy reservoir, a power drive, and means operated by said power drive and adapted to move the reservoir harmonically after its harmonic movement has been initiated, substantially as described.

l0. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a slotted kinetic energy reservoir. a pin. means to rotate said pin in a circle at a uniform rate, said pin being adapted to engage the reservoir slot and drive the reservoir harmonically, said slot being or" insutlicient length for a complete harmonic oscillation whereby said harmonic oscillation will be continued if otherwise initiated, substantially as described.

11. ln a machine ot' the type described, the combination of a body adapted to move harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, means operated by the body and adapted to initiate harmonic movement in the reservoir, and means for continuing the harmonic movements of the reservoir when thus initiated, substantially as described.

l). ln a machine of the type described, the combination of a body, means to move said body harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, means operated by the same mechanism which actuates the body adapted to initiatev harmonic movement in the reservoir, and means for continuing the harmonic movement ot' the reservoir when thus initiated, the. movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being such as to keep the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described.

13. in a machine of the type described, the combination of a body, means to move said body harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, means actuated by the same mechanism which operates the body adapted to initiate harmonic .movement in the reservoir, means for continuing the harmonic movement in the reservoir When thus initiated, and means for driving' said harmonic continuing movement means, substantially as described.

1e. in a machine oi the type described, the combination of a body, means to move said body harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, means operated by the body moving means adapted to initiate harmonic movement in the reservoir, means tor continuing the harmonic movement of the reservoir thus initiated, and means for driving said harmonic continuing movement means, the movements of the body and reservoir and their masses being such as to maintain the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described.

15. in a machine of the type described, the combination of a body having a stroke period during which it moves uniformly, a reversal period during which it reverses harmonically, a restroke period during which it returns uniformly, and another reversal period during which it reverses harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir whereby the latter during said reversal periods has an harmonic movement in quadrature with that of the body, substantially as described.

1G. 1n a machine of the type described, the combination ot a body having a stroke period during which it moves uniformly, a reversal period during Which it reverses harmonically, a restroke period during which it returns uniformly, and another reversal period during which it reverses harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir whereby the reservoir remains stationary during the stroke and restroke periods and has an harmonic movement in quadrature with that or" the body during said reversal periods, substantially as described.

17. ln a machine ot the type described, the combination of a body having a stroke period during which it moves uniformly, a reversal period during which it reverses harmonically, a restroke period during which it returns uniformly, and another reversal period during Which it reverses harmonically, a kinetic energy reservoir, and means connecting said body and reservoir acting to hold the reservoir stationary during the stroke and restroke periods and give the same during the reversal periods an harmonic movement in quadrature with that of the body, the masses of said body and reservoir and their movements being such that the total kinetic energy ot the body and reservoir is substantially constant, substantially as described.

18. in a machine of the type described, the combination of a reciprocatory body, a kinetic energy reservoir, said body having a groove composed ot' two rectilinear parts joined by two sei ii-circular parts, and a pin on the reservoir engaging said groove, substantially as described.

19. In a machine of the type described, the combination of a reciprocatory body.v a kinetic energy reservoir, said body having a groove composed oi tivo rectilinear parts joined by two semi-circular parts. and a pin on the reservoir engaging said groove, masses of said body and reservoir being such as to maintain the total kinetic energy of the body and reservoir substantially constant, substantially as described.

In Witness whereof, li have hereunto signed my name, this 3d day of August,

HYMAN ELI GOLDBERG. Vitnesses:

ARTHITR F. POOLE, DAVID D. GoLDEco.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

